Artificial cells have attracted much attention as substitutes for natural cells. There are many
different forms of artificial cells with many different definitions. They can be integral biological …

Recent developments in synthetic biology may bring the bottom-up generation of a synthetic
cell within reach. A key feature of a living synthetic cell is a functional cell cycle, in which …

Attempts to construct an artificial cell have widened our understanding of living organisms.
Many intracellular systems have been reconstructed by assembling molecules, however the …

Synthetic gene networks have wide-ranging uses in reprogramming and rewiring
organisms. To date, there has not been a way to harness the vast potential of these networks …

Replication of DNA-encoded information and its conversion into functional proteins are
universal properties of life. In an effort toward the construction of a synthetic minimal cell, we …

The construction of a protocell from a materials point of view is important in understanding
the origin of life. Both self-reproduction of a compartment and self-replication of an …

Addressing the emergence of life from a systems biology perspective, this new edition has
undergone extensive revision, reflecting changes in scientific understanding and evolution …

Building an artificial cell is a research area that is rigorously studied in the field of synthetic
biology. It has brought about much attention with the aim of ultimately constructing a natural …

Cell-free synthetic biology is emerging as a powerful approach aimed to understand,
harness, and expand the capabilities of natural biological systems without using intact cells …

Compartmentalization is an essential feature found in living cells to ensure that biological
processes occur without being affected by undesired external influences. Over the years …