One of the most contentious areas of Earth Science today is when, or whether or not modern-
style plate tectonics was in operation in the Archean Eon. In this review we present evidence …

TTGs (tonalite–trondhjemite–granodiorite) are one of the archetypical lithologies of
Archaean cratons. Since their original description in the 1970s, they have been the subject …

The geodynamic context of formation of the Archaean continental crust is a matter of debate.
The crust is largely made of grey gneiss complexes, a composite rock assemblage …

In this study, we applied classification and tectonic setting diagrams, N-MORB-normalised
trace element and incompatible element temporal variation diagrams, Nb/Nb*, Pb/Pb …

Crust forming processes on the early Earth have long been debated and relatively few rock
and mineral samples exist with which to evaluate many hotly contested themes. The Acasta …

In the standard paradigm, continental crust is formed mainly by arc magmatism, but because
the compositions of magma rising from the mantle are basaltic and continental crust is …

The observations that Archean continental crust and the subcontinental lithospheric mantle
(SCLM) have different compositions from their Phanerozoic counterparts, that komatiite …

El Misti volcano, a large and hazardous edifice of the Andean Central Volcanic Zone (CVZ)
of southern Peru, consists of four main growth stages. Misti 1 (> 112 ka) is an old …

The regime of plate tectonics on early Earth is one of the fundamental problems in Earth
sciences. Precambrian era takes the majority (ca. 88%) of Earth's history and thus plays a …

Four billion years ago, Earth's surface was covered with a thick basaltic crust and, similar to
other rocky planets and the Moon, parts of this basaltic crust underwent partial melting to …