Microneedle patches have received much interest in the last two decades as drug/vaccine
delivery or fluid sampling systems for diagnostic and monitoring purposes. Microneedles are …

Objectives The treatment of inner ear disorders remains challenging due to anatomic
barriers intrinsic to the bony labyrinth. The purpose of this review is to highlight recent …

Background Inner ear diagnostics is limited by the inability to atraumatically obtain samples
of inner ear fluid. The round window membrane (RWM) is an attractive portal for accessing …

Microneedle (MN) has got ever-increasing attention from researchers and clinics because it
combined the advantages of both the transdermal route the and parenteral route. As a result …

Drug delivery into the inner ear is a significant challenge due to its inaccessibility as a fluid-
filled cavity within the temporal bone of the skull. The round window membrane (RWM) is the …

Introduction Microneedle fabrication was conceptualized in the 1970s as devices for
painless transdermal drug delivery. The last two decades have seen considerable research …

Background We have developed polymeric microneedles that allow for in vivo perforation of
the guinea pig RWM and aspiration of perilymph for diagnostic analysis, with full …

Noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) is one of the leading causes of sensorineural hearing
loss with global importance. The current treatment of choice for patients with hearing …

Objectives Current treatments for hearing loss offer some functional improvements in
hearing, but do not restore normal hearing. The aim of this review is to highlight recent …

Glucocorticoids are the first-line treatment for sensorineural hearing loss, but little is known
about the mechanism of their protective effect or the impact of route of administration. The …