Large herbivores play unique ecological roles and are disproportionately imperiled by
human activity. As many wild populations dwindle towards extinction, and as interest grows …

Non‐consumptive predator effects (NCEs) are now widely recognised for their capacity to
shape ecosystem structure and function. Yet, forecasting the propagation of these predator …

The increasing abandonment of marginal land creates new opportunities for restoration,
reintroduction, and rewilding, but what do these terms mean in a rapidly and irreversibly …

Coral reef ecosystems are remarkable for their high productivity in nutrient-poor waters. A
high proportion of primary production is consumed by the dominant herbivore assemblage …

Large carnivores are frequently presented as saviours of biodiversity and ecosystem
functioning through their creation of trophic cascades, an idea largely based on studies …

Populations of the world's largest carnivores are declining and now occupy mere fractions of
their historical ranges. Theory predicts that when apex predators disappear, large …

The ecology of fear concerns the population-, community-, and ecosystem-level
consequences of the behavioral interactions between predators and prey, ie, the aggregate …

Predators affect prey by killing them directly (lethal effects) and by inducing costly
antipredator behaviours in living prey (risk effects). Risk effects can strongly influence prey …

Large mammalian carnivores have undergone catastrophic declines during the
Anthropocene across the world. Despite their pivotal roles as apex predators in food webs …

The Hymenoptera are one of the largest orders of insects, comprising almost 160,000
described extant species with a true total of possibly over one million species. Most species …