Lung ventilation fluctuates widely with behavior but arterial PCO 2 remains stable. Under
normal conditions, the chemoreflexes contribute to PaCO 2 stability by producing small …

Breathing is an essential behavior that presents a unique opportunity to understand how the
nervous system functions normally, how it balances inherent robustness with a highly …

Central chemoreception traditionally refers to a change in ventilation attributable to changes
in CO 2/H+ detected within the brain. Interest in central chemoreception has grown …

The paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus (PVH) contains many neurons that innervate the
brainstem, but information regarding their target sites remains incomplete. Here we labeled …

By definition central respiratory chemoreceptors (CRCs) are cells that are sensitive to
changes in brain PCO2 or pH and contribute to the stimulation of breathing elicited by …

Ventilatory responses to hypoxia vary widely depending on the pattern and length of hypoxic
exposure. Acute, prolonged, or intermittent hypoxic episodes can increase or decrease …

A subset of preBötzinger Complex (preBötC) neurokinin 1 receptor (NK1R) and somatostatin
peptide (SST)-expressing neurons are necessary for breathing in adult rats, in vivo. Their …

The retrotrapezoid “nucleus”(RTN), located in the rostral ventrolateral medullary reticular
formation, contains a bilateral cluster of∼ 1000 glutamatergic noncatecholaminergic …

There is a growing public awareness that sex hormones can have an impact on a variety of
physiological processes. Yet, despite almost a century of research, we still do not have a …

Respiratory chemoreceptor activity encoding arterial Pco2 and Po2 is a critical determinant
of ventilation. Currently, the relative importance of several putative chemoreceptor …