Abstract The standard Λ Cold Dark Matter (ΛCDM) cosmological model provides a good
description of a wide range of astrophysical and cosmological data. However, there are a …

A number of challenges to the standard Λ CDM model have been emerging during the past
few years as the accuracy of cosmological observations improves. In this review we discuss …

Despite the remarkable success of the Λ Cold Dark Matter (Λ CDM) cosmological model, a
growing discrepancy has emerged (currently measured at the level of∼ 4− 6 σ) between the …

We review the current status of Early Dark Energy (EDE) models proposed to resolve the
“Hubble tension”, the discrepancy between “direct” measurements of the current expansion …

The current cosmological probes have provided a fantastic confirmation of the standard Λ
Cold Dark Matter cosmological model, which has been constrained with unprecedented …

The Hubble tension has now grown to a level of significance which can no longer be
ignored and calls for a solution which, despite a huge number of attempts, has so far eluded …

The difference from 4 to 6 σ in the Hubble constant (H 0) between the values observed with
the local (Cepheids and Supernovae Ia, SNe Ia) and the high-z probes (Cosmic Microwave …

The Λ CDM model provides a good fit to most astronomical observations but harbors large
areas of phenomenology and ignorance. With the improvements in the precision and …

The dawn of the twenty-first century came with very positive prospects for gravity, cosmology,
and astrophysics. Technological progress made it possible for cosmology to enter to its …

Since the expansion of the universe was first established by Edwin Hubble and Georges
Lemaître about a century ago, the Hubble constant H_0 H 0 which measures its rate has …