Background Understanding ethanol tolerance in microorganisms is important for the
improvement of bioethanol production. Hence, we performed parallel-evolution experiments …

It remains to be determined experimentally whether increasing fitness is related to positive
selection, while stationary fitness is related to neutral evolution. Long-term laboratory …

To understand how two organisms that have not previously been in contact can establish
mutualism, it is first necessary to examine temporal changes in their phenotypes during the …

Abstract “Non-growing” is a dominant life form of microorganisms in nature, where available
nutrients and resources are limited. In laboratory culture systems, Escherichia coli can …

Using chips composed of thousands of spots, each with the capability of holding DNA
molecules corresponding to a given gene, DNA microarray technology has enabled …

Recent developments show that the standardization of cloud service descriptions and
exchange leads the way for the rise of cloud federations. In these federations CSPs (cloud …

Background Bacterial cells have a remarkable ability to adapt to environmental changes, a
phenomenon known as adaptive evolution. During adaptive evolution, phenotype and …

Background Cell growth rate reflects an organism's physiological state and largely relies on
the ability of gene expression to respond to the environment. The relationship between …

Cells adapt to different conditions by altering a vast number of components, which is
measurable using transcriptome analysis. Given that a cell undergoing steady growth is …

Background Both large deletions in genome and heat shock stress would lead to alterations
in the gene expression profile; however, whether there is any potential linkage between …