Interferon (IFN) responses, mediated by a myriad of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs), are the
most profound innate immune responses against viruses. Cumulatively, these IFN effectors …

Mallard ducks are important natural hosts of low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) viruses
and many strains circulate in this reservoir and cause little harm. Some strains can be …

The interferon‐induced transmembrane (IFITM) proteins protect host cells from diverse virus
infections. IFITM proteins also incorporate into HIV‐1 virions and inhibit virus fusion and cell …

CRISPR/Cas9 system genome editing is revolutionizing genetics research in a wide
spectrum of animal models in the genetic era. Among these animals, is the poultry species …

The acute antiviral response is mediated by a family of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs),
providing cell-intrinsic immunity. Mutations in genes encoding these proteins are often …

Mallard ducks are a natural host and reservoir of avian Influenza A viruses. While most
influenza strains can replicate in mallards, the virus typically does not cause substantial …

Emerging respiratory viruses are major health threats due to their potential to cause massive
outbreaks. Over the past 2 years, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has …

Abstract Background The Australian black swan (Cygnus atratus) is an iconic species with
contrasting plumage to that of the closely related northern hemisphere white swans. The …

Host interferon-induced transmembrane proteins (IFITMs) are broad-spectrum antiviral
restriction factors. Of these, IFITM3 potently inhibits viruses that enter cells through acidic …

Interferon-induced transmembrane (IFITM) proteins mediate protection against enveloped
viruses by blocking membrane fusion at endosomes. IFITM1 and IFITM3 are crucial for …