Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an inflammatory lung disease
characterized by chronic airway obstruction and emphysema. Accumulating studies have …

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common chronic inflammatory disease
with high morbidity and mortality rates worldwide. Cytokines, which are the main regulators …

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major public health problem in India.
Although several International guidelines for diagnosis and management of COPD are …

Objectives The purpose of the present study was to determine the alterations in high-
sensitivity C-reactive protein and Tumor Necrosis factor alpha levels in the blood serum of …

Abstract The interleukin-1 (IL-1) gene polymorphisms have been implicated in chronic
obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) risk, but results are controversial. We aimed to …

Interleukins are cytokines involved in systemic inflammation and immune system regulation.
Many studies have investigated the association between common genetic variations in …

Between the DNA sequences of two randomly-selected human genomes, which consist of
over 3 billion base pairs and twenty five thousand genes, there exists only 0.1% variation …

Background and objective The association between TNF-α− 308 G/A polymorphism and
COPD remains controversial due to insufficiently strict study designs and small group sizes …

Introduction Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a complex and multifactorial
disease involving systemic inflammation. Although certain genetic components have been …

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the leading causes of morbidity
and mortality throughout the world and is mainly characterized by persistent airflow …