SUMMARY HIV diagnostics have played a central role in the remarkable progress in
identifying, staging, initiating, and monitoring infected individuals on life-saving antiretroviral …

The use of NGS technologies on HIV DR testing will allow unprecedented insights into
genomic structures of virus populations that may be of immediate relevance to both clinical …

Background The presence of high-abundance drug-resistant HIV-1 jeopardizes success of
antiretroviral therapy (ART). Despite numerous investigations, the clinical impact of low …

Highlights•Technological innovations enable the global roll-out of drug resistance
surveillance.•Next-generation sequencing provides an answer for simultaneous resistance …

Selection of inhibitor-resistant viral mutants is universal for viruses that display quasi-
species dynamics, and hepatitis C virus (HCV) is no exception. Here we review recent …

Background Sanger sequencing of plasma RNA is the standard method for HIV-1 drug
resistance testing in treatment-naive patients, but is limited by the non-detection of …

Given the dynamic changes in HIV-1 complexity and diversity, next-generation sequencing
(NGS) has the potential to revolutionize strategies for effective HIV global surveillance. In …

HIV Attachment. In this cross section, HIV is shown at the top and a target cell is shown at the
bottom in blues. HIV envelope protein (A) has bound to the receptor CD4 (B) and then to …

Background The widespread global access to antiretroviral drugs has led to considerable
reductions in morbidity and mortality but, unfortunately, the risk of virologic failure increases …

Background Viral resistance to antiretroviral therapy threatens our best methods to control
and prevent HIV infection. Current drug resistance genotyping methods are costly, optimized …