Physical evacuation drills are pre-planned activities to train building occupants in facing
emergencies and evaluate safety performances. Nowadays, technologies including Virtual …

Virtual reality plays a growing role in emergency behavior studies. This review focuses on
the perspectives of research development and implementation. It synthesizes and discusses …

The detail and representation of a spatial layout varies with scale. This affects an individual's
learning effectiveness and understanding, in turn directly influencing their behavior in a fire …

To improve occupant safety during building emergencies, evacuation simulations have been
widely used for building safety design. Since occupant behavior is a determining factor for …

Individual wayfinding decisions are critical for evacuation efficiency in building emergencies.
By synthesizing the increasing volume of relevant literature, this study proposes a theoretical …

In this paper, we explore the mutual effect of prior background expectations and visibility
afforded by the 3D configuration of the physical environment on wayfinding efficiency and …

Current approaches to simulate occupants' wayfinding in AEC mostly employ direct routing
algorithms that assume global knowledge of the navigation environment to compute a …

A hierarchical data model is needed in mobile navigation systems to generate route
instructions on multiple levels of detail (LODs), thereby adapting to users' various …

Despite being purposefully designed and strategically placed in buildings to facilitate
efficient evacuation, emergency exit doors are frequently underutilized during evacuations …

Wayfinding signage is an intermediary public facility that coordinates the relationship
between space and people, and it is crucial to help people find their way in complex indoor …