Stress, anxiety and depressive disorders are often characterized by the activation of the
stress axis, which results in similar symptoms at some point in these disorders. These …

Hair differs from other materials used for toxicological analysis because of its unique ability
to serve as a long-term storage of foreign substances with respect to the temporal …

Sample preparation is an essential step in analysis, greatly influencing the reliability and
accuracy of resulted the time and cost of analysis. Solid‐Phase Microextraction (SPME) is a …

The predominant source of alcohol in the diet is alcoholic beverages, including beer, wine,
spirits and liquors, sweet wine, and ciders. Self-reported alcohol intakes are likely to be …

This volume explores indicators from a variety of biological fields used in human
identification and illustrates the basic principles of each discipline. The contributors explain …

In recent years hair has become a fundamental biological specimen, alternative to the usual
samples blood and urine, for drug testing in the fields of forensic toxicology, clinical …

Background Alcohol‐related disorders are common, expensive in their course, and often
underdiagnosed. To facilitate early diagnosis and therapy of alcohol‐related disorders and …

The use of alternative specimens in the field of toxicology was first described in 1979, when
hair analysis was used to document chronic drug exposure. Since then, the use of these …

In previous investigations hair analysis for ethyl glucuronide (EtG) and fatty acid ethyl esters
(FAEE) proved to be suitable for the detection of excessive alcohol consumption. The aim of …

The harmful use of alcohol is responsible for 5.1% of the global burden of disease, and the
early detection of alcohol problems may prevent its development and progression …