The ability to monitor changes in the ionic composition of the extracellular environment is a
crucial feature that has evolved in all living organisms. The cloning and characterization of …

The kidney collecting duct is an important renal tubular segment for regulation of body water
homeostasis and urine concentration. Water reabsorption in the collecting duct principal …

The calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) plays a pivotal role in systemic calcium metabolism by
regulating parathyroid hormone secretion and urinary calcium excretion. The diseases …

Ensuring the proper amount of water inside the body is essential for survival. One of the key
factors in the maintenance of body water balance is water reabsorption in the collecting …

Renal collecting duct principal cells play a key role in controlling body water balance.
Principal cells express the water channels AQP2, AQP3, and AQP4 that mediate renal water …

The alteration of water balance and related disorders has emerged as being strictly linked to
the state of activation of the vasopressin–aquaporin-2 (vasopressin–AQP2) pathway. The …

The thick ascending limb plays a key role in maintaining water and electrolyte balance. The
importance of this segment in regulating blood pressure is evidenced by the effect of loop …

Calcium (Ca2+) is a universal and vital intracellular messenger involved in a diverse range
of cellular and biological processes. Changes in the concentration of extracellular Ca2+ can …

High concentrations of urinary calcium counteract vasopressin action via the activation of the
calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) that is expressed in the luminal membrane of collecting …

Vasopressin (AVP) increases water permeability in the renal collecting duct through the
regulation of aquaporin-2 (AQP2) trafficking. Several disorders, including hypertension and …