Over the past several decades, extensive research into the Gag polyprotein, the main
structural protein of HIV-1 and all other retroviruses, has changed the way that we describe …

Hepatitis B virus (HBV), the causative agent of B-type hepatitis in humans, is the type
member of the Hepadnaviridae, hepatotropic DNA viruses that replicate via reverse …

Abstract APOBEC3G (A3G), a host protein that inhibits HIV-1 reverse transcription and
replication in the absence of Vif, displays cytidine deaminase and single-stranded (ss) …

The HIV-1 nucleocapsid protein (NC) is a nucleic acid chaperone, which remodels nucleic
acid structures so that the most thermodynamically stable conformations are formed. This …

The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic highlights the necessity for a more fundamental
understanding of the coronavirus life cycle. The causative agent of the disease, SARS-CoV …

Single molecule force spectroscopy is a powerful method that uses the mechanical
properties of DNA to explore DNA interactions. Here we describe how DNA stretching …

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) replication is a highly regulated process
requiring the recruitment of viral and cellular components to the plasma membrane for …

The role of nucleocapsid protein (NC) in the early steps of retroviral replication appears
largely that of a facilitator for reverse transcription and integration. Using a wide variety of …

We used single DNA molecule stretching to investigate DNA intercalation by ethidium and
three ruthenium complexes. By measuring ligand-induced DNA elongation at different …

The genome of the retroviruses is a dimer composed by two homologous copies of genomic
RNA (gRNA) molecules of positive polarity. The dimerization process allows two gRNA …