Over the past 2 decades, there has been an extraordinary progress in the regimens
developed for the treatment of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive …

The human epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family consists of four members that
belong to the ErbB lineage of proteins (ErbB1–4). These receptors consist of a glycosylated …

The advent of HER2-directed therapies has significantly improved the outlook for patients
with HER2-positive early stage breast cancer. However, a significant proportion of these …

Learning Objectives Contrast the current strengths and limitations of the three main slide-
based techniques (IHC, FISH, and CISH) currently in clinical use for testing breast cancer …

HER2 is a transmembrane oncoprotein encoded by the HER2/neu gene and is
overexpressed in approximately 20 to 25% of invasive breast cancers. It can be …

The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a receptor tyrosine kinase that plays a
critical role in the pathogenesis of many cancers. The structure of intact forms of this receptor …

Background Women with HER2–overexpressing breast cancers have poor prognosis, and
many are resistant to the HER2 monoclonal antibody trastuzumab. A subgroup of HER2 …

Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) programs play essential functions in normal
morphogenesis and organogenesis, including that occurring during mammary gland …

Trastuzumab is a monoclonal antibody targeted against the human epidermal growth factor
receptor (HER) 2 tyrosine kinase receptor, which is overexpressed in approximately 25% of …

The introduction of trastuzumab therapy markedly improved the poor prognosis associated
with HER2-amplified breast cancers. Despite this, the presence of primary and acquired …