Interaction of the T cell receptor (TCR) with an MHC-antigenic peptide complex results in
changes at the molecular and cellular levels in T cells. The outside environmental cues are …

The incidence of acute pancreatitis continues to increase worldwide, and it is one of the
most common gastrointestinal causes for hospital admission in the USA. In the past decade …

T cell activation requires extracellular stimulatory signals that are mainly mediated by T cell
receptor (TCR) complexes. The TCR recognizes antigens on major histocompatibility …

Lung-function impairment underlies chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and
predicts mortality. In the largest multi-ancestry genome-wide association meta-analysis of …

The pancreatic β-cell plays a key role in glucose homeostasis by secreting insulin, the only
hormone capable of lowering the blood glucose concentration. Impaired insulin secretion …

Ca 2+ is a ubiquitous intracellular messenger that controls diverse cellular functions but can
become toxic and cause cell death. Selective control of specific targets depends on …

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a large, dynamic structure that serves many roles in the
cell including calcium storage, protein synthesis and lipid metabolism. The diverse functions …

Calcium (Ca2+) is an essential signaling molecule that controls a wide range of biological
functions. In the immune system, calcium signals play a central role in a variety of cellular …

Macroautophagy is a lysosomal degradative pathway or recycling process that maintains
cellular homeostasis. This autophagy involves a series of sequential processing events …

Store-operated calcium channels (SOCs) are a major pathway for calcium signaling in
virtually all metozoan cells and serve a wide variety of functions ranging from gene …