Parasites occur in nearly every population. They often interact in complex ways with other
stressors. In some cases, the interaction may lead to a disproportionately negative effect on …

Snails belonging to the genus Littorina are the familiar periwinkles found on rocky sea
shores throughout Western Europe, Scandinavia, North America, Siberia and Japan …

The brown mussel Perna perna in South Africa is threatened by the introduction of the
invasive Mediterranean mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis. Whilst the indigenous P. perna has …

Trematode infection was studied in sympatric populations of the periwinkles Littorina
saxatilis and L. obtusata in 2 regions of Kandalaksha Bay of the White Sea to assess host …

Parasites can have striking influences on their host's behavior that serve to increase the
probability of parasite transmission. The type of behavior induced often increases the …

Four species of Littorina (L. littorea, L. obtusata, L. fabalis and L. saxatilis) from the Swedish
west coast were examined for infections with digenetic trematodes. Four species of the …

To determine whether modern theories predict snail growth responses to trematode
infestation a field growth study of Onoba aculeus, Littorina saxatilis and L. obtusata infected …

The influence of various species of digenean trematodes on the in situ growth rate of
Littorina littorea (Gastropoda: Prosobranchia) from different habitats was investigated. The …

Flukes (digeneans) are common parasites of seabirds in Arctic and subarctic regions. This
study examined the distribution of such parasites in 1998 and 1999 in the intertidal zones of …

The impact of Maritrema subdolum Jägerskiöld, 1908 on Corophium volutator Pallas, 1766
was examined under laboratory conditions. Adult specimens of C. volutator were placed in …