Microglia are the resident macrophages of the central nervous system (CNS) acting as the
first line of defense in the brain by phagocytosing harmful pathogens and cellular debris …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder, caused by, so far, unknown
pathogenetic mechanisms. There is no doubt that pro-inflammatory immune-mediated …

Microglia represent a specialized population of macrophages-like cells in the central
nervous system (CNS) considered immune sentinels that are capable of orchestrating a …

Inflammation occurs as a result of exposure of tissues and organs to harmful stimuli such as
microbial pathogens, irritants, or toxic cellular components. The primary physical …

Neurodegenerative diseases are a heterogeneous group of disorders that are incurable and
characterized by the progressive degeneration of the function and structure of the central …

Importance Several studies have reported antidepressant effects of anti-inflammatory
treatment; however, the results have been conflicting and detrimental adverse effects may …

Accumulating evidence supports an association between depression and inflammatory
processes, a connection that seems to be bidirectional. Clinical trials have indicated …

Abstract Parkinson's disease (PD), the second most common age-associated
neurodegenerative disorder, is characterized by the loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons and …

The number of bacterial cells living within the human body is approximately equal to, or
greater than, the total number of human cells. This dynamic population of microorganisms …

Minocycline is a second‐generation, semi‐synthetic tetracycline that has been in therapeutic
use for over 30 years because of its antibiotic properties against both gram‐positive and …