The development, maintenance of healthy bone and regeneration of injured tissue in the
human body comprise a set of intricate and finely coordinated processes. However, an …

The connexin family of channel-forming proteins is present in every tissue type in the human
anatomy. Connexins are best known for forming clustered intercellular channels, structurally …

Apoptotic cells release 'find-me'signals at the earliest stages of death to recruit phagocytes.
The nucleotides ATP and UTP represent one class of find-me signals, but their mechanism …

Gap junctions are essential to the function of multicellular animals, which require a high
degree of coordination between cells. In vertebrates, gap junctions comprise connexins and …

Gap junction channels facilitate the intercellular exchange of ions and small molecules.
While this process is critical to all multicellular organisms, the proteins that form gap junction …

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) has been well established as an important extracellular
ligand of autocrine signaling, intercellular communication, and neurotransmission with …

Three family members compose the pannexin family of channel-forming glycoproteins
(Panx1, Panx2 and Panx3). Their primary function is defined by their capacity to form single …

Extracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) serves as a signal for diverse physiological
functions, including spread of calcium waves between astrocytes, control of vascular oxygen …

Apoptotic cell death is important for embryonic development, immune cell homeostasis, and
pathogen elimination. Innate immune cells also undergo a very rapid form of cell death …

Abstract The nucleotide adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP) has classically been considered
the cell's primary energy currency. Importantly, a novel role for ATP as an extracellular …