Water shortages are an issue of growing worldwide concern. Irrigated agriculture accounts
for about 70% of total freshwater withdrawals globally, therefore alternatives to use of …

Membrane filtration is a major process used in the energy, gas separation, and water
treatment sectors, yet the efficiency of current membranes is limited. Here, we review the use …

Meeting future water demand will require serious consideration of direct potable reuse
(DPR) for many water agencies. There has been tremendous progress in the technologies …

Anaerobic and microalgae-based technologies for municipal wastewater treatment have
emerged as sustainable alternatives to activated sludge systems. However, viruses are a …

Free available chlorine (FAC) is widely used to inactivate viruses by oxidizing viral
components, including genomes. It is commonly assumed that hypochlorous acid (HOCl) is …

While forward osmosis (FO) and reverse osmosis (RO) processes have been proven
effective in rejecting organic pollutants, the rejection rate is highly dependent on compound …

This study investigated the feasibility of embedding two low-energy dilution desalination
processes, namely osmotic dilution desalination (ODD; the FO-RO membrane configuration) …

Abstract The Sustainable Water Initiative for Tomorrow (SWIFT) program is the effort of the
Hampton Roads Sanitation District to implement indirect potable reuse to recharge the …

Anaerobic membrane bioreactors reduce the energy cost of wastewater treatment and meet
filtration requirements for non-potable reuse. However, sulfides (H 2 S/HS−) formed during …

The novel coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) pandemic has had devastating effects on
healthcare systems and the global economy. Moreover, coronavirus has been found in …