Diminished volumes of habitual physical activity and increased sedentary levels have been
observed as a result of COVID-19 home-confinement. Consequences of inactivity, including …

Prolonged periods of skeletal muscle inactivity or mechanical unloading (bed rest, hindlimb
unloading, immobilization, spaceflight and reduced step) can result in a significant loss of …

This review presents lower body negative pressure (LBNP) as a unique tool to investigate
the physiology of integrated systemic compensatory responses to altered hemodynamic …

Alterations in the circadian system are characteristic of aging on Earth. With the decline in
physiological processes due to aging, several health concerns including vision loss …

Multiple transitions between gravity levels will occur during planetary exploration missions.
In reaction to these gravitational transitions, physiological adaptation will be initiated …

Prolonged bed rest and lifelong physical inactivity cause deleterious effects to multiple
physiological systems that appear to hasten aging processes. Many such changes are …

Orthostatic challenge produced by upright posture may lead to syncope if the cardiovascular
system is unable to maintain adequate brain perfusion. This review outlines orthostatic …

Microgravity environments are known to cause a plethora of stressors to astronauts.
Recently, it has become apparent that gut microbiome composition of astronauts is altered …

Introduction Prolonged physical inactivity with bed rest or spaceflight is associated with
cardiovascular and neuromuscular deconditioning; however, its impact on neural integrity of …

During head-down tilt bed rest (HDT) the cardiovascular system is subject to headward fluid
shifts. The fluid shift phenomenon is analogous to weightlessness experienced during …