Exacerbations of COPD are thought to be caused by interactions between host factors,
bacteria, viruses, and changes in air quality to produce increased inflammation in the lower …

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the fourth leading cause of death in the
United States, and it accounts for approximately 500,000 hospitalizations for exacerbations …

BACKGROUND: Anticholinergics and β2-agonists have generally been considered
equivalent choices for bronchodilation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) …

Despite being the most common respiratory disorder in the developed world and the fourth
leading cause of death in the US, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has …

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an important public health problem that
manifests with exacerbations and causes serious mortality and morbidity in both developed …

Background Currently, there is a lack of guidelines for the use of short-acting
bronchodilators (SABD) in people admitted to hospital for acute exacerbation of chronic …

This review summarizes the long-term clinical outcomes associated with β-agonist and
anticholinergic bronchodilator use in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease …

Study objectives Despite the widespread use of short-acting, inhaled β 2-agonists in acute
exacerbations of COPD (AECOPDs), little is known about their optimal dose. The aims of this …

Highlights•COPD is irreversible and associates with pulmonary and extra-pulmonary
pathologies.•Current therapeutics acts as bronchodilators and/or anti-inflammatories.•When …

Background Breathlessness is a debilitating and distressing symptom in a wide variety of
diseases and still a difficult symptom to manage. An integrative review of systematic reviews …