Melanoma, a skin cancer associated with high mortality rates, is highly radio-and
chemotherapy resistant but can also be very immunogenic. These circumstances have led to …

The treatment of cancer patients with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI)(anti-CTLA-4, anti-
PD-1, anti-PD-L1, combined therapy anti-PD-1/PD-L1 with anti-CTLA-4) has without doubt …

Gloss PD-L1 and PD-1 (PD) pathway blockade is a highly promising therapy and has
elicited durable antitumor responses and long-term remissions in a subset of patients with a …

Cancer immunotherapy is coming of age; it has prompted a paradigm shift in oncology, in
which therapeutic agents are used to target immune cells rather than cancer cells. The first …

PD-L1 is an immunoinhibitory molecule that suppresses the activation of T cells, leading to
the progression of tumors. Overexpression of PD-L1 in cancers such as gastric cancer …

Immune checkpoint antibodies that augment the programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)/PD-
L1 pathway have demonstrated antitumor activity across multiple malignancies, and gained …

Major progress has been made toward our understanding of the programmed death-
1/programmed death ligand-1 (PD-1/PD-L1) pathway (referred to as the PD pathway). mAbs …

The indications of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are set to rise further with the approval
of newer agent like atezolimumab for use in patients with advanced stage urothelial …

Background Nivolumab, a fully human IgG4 PD-1 immune checkpoint inhibitor antibody, can
result in durable responses in patients with melanoma who have progressed after …

Immunologic checkpoint blockade with antibodies that target cytotoxic T lymphocyte–
associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) and the programmed cell death protein 1 pathway (PD-1/PD …