The quaternary ammonium salts of chitosan are water soluble derivatives which keep the
promise for real life applications in a large realm of biomedical fields, such as antimicrobial …

This review outlines the new developments on chitosan-based bioapplications. Over the last
decade, functional biomaterials research has developed new drug delivery systems and …

Viral infections, in addition to damaging host cells, can compromise the host immune
system, leading to frequent relapse or long-term persistence. Viruses have the capacity to …

Therapeutic peptides/proteins and protein-based antigens are chemically and structurally
labile compounds, which are almost exclusively administered by parenteral injections …

Particulate delivery systems such as liposomes and polymeric nano-and microparticles are
attracting great interest for developing new vaccines. Materials and formulation properties …

Nasal vaccination is a promising, needle-free alternative to classical vaccination.
Nanoparticulate delivery systems have been reported to overcome the poor immunogenicity …

N, N, N-Trimethylated chitosan (TMC) with varying degree of quaternization (DQ) is currently
being investigated in mucosal drug, vaccine and in gene delivery. However, besides N …

Subunit vaccines are generally safer, but often less effective than live attenuated vaccines
as they lack the necessary co-stimulatory factors. The formulation of an adjuvant like N …

The application of natural carbohydrate polysaccharides for antigen delivery and its
adjuvanation potential has garnered interest in the scientific community in the recent years …

For efficient mucosal vaccine delivery, nanoparticulate antigens are better taken by
microfold cells in the nasal associated lymphoid tissue and also dendritic cells …