Galaxies and their dark-matter haloes have posed several challenges to the dark energy
plus cold dark matter (Λ CDM) cosmological model. These discrepancies between …

We review numerous arguments for primordial black holes (PBHs) based on observational
evidence from a variety of lensing, dynamical, accretion and gravitational-wave effects. This …

We present constraints on cosmological parameters from the Pantheon+ analysis of 1701
light curves of 1550 distinct Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) ranging in redshift from z= 0.001 to …

Several theories have been proposed to describe the formation of black hole seeds in the
early Universe and to explain the emergence of very massive black holes observed in the …

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The cosmological principle (CP)—the notion that the Universe is spatially isotropic and
homogeneous on large scales—underlies a century of progress in cosmology. It is …

The mergers of binary compact objects such as neutron stars and black holes are of central
interest to several areas of astrophysics, including as the progenitors of gamma-ray bursts …

More than three-quarters of the baryonic content of the Universe resides in a highly diffuse
state that is difficult to detect, with only a small fraction directly observed in galaxies and …

This paper investigates whether changes to late-time physics can resolve the 'Hubble
tension'. It is argued that many of the claims in the literature favouring such solutions are …

Since the expansion of the universe was first established by Edwin Hubble and Georges
Lemaître about a century ago, the Hubble constant H_0 H 0 which measures its rate has …