Abstract The Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) began 30 years ago with the goal of
providing timely, valid and relevant assessments of critical health outcomes. Over this …

Background The positive effect of education on reducing all-cause adult mortality is known;
however, the relative magnitude of this effect has not been systematically quantified. The …

Background Diabetes is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide, and
affects people regardless of country, age group, or sex. Using the most recent evidentiary …

PUBLISHED BY ELSEVIER levels stratified by age and sex. Estimates of several summary
epidemiological measures are produced, including composite measures such as …

Background The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) is a
multinational collaborative research study with> 10,000 collaborators around the world. GBD …

Characterizing the potential health effects of exposure to risk factors such as red meat
consumption is essential to inform health policy and practice. Previous meta-analyses …

As a leading behavioral risk factor for numerous health outcomes, smoking is a major
ongoing public health challenge. Although evidence on the health effects of smoking has …

Background The GBD study is a multinational collaborative research study with over 8,000
collaborators around the world. The GBD study estimates disease rates at the subnational …

Previous research suggests a protective effect of vegetable consumption against chronic
disease, but the quality of evidence underlying those findings remains uncertain. We applied …

High systolic blood pressure (SBP) is a major risk factor for ischemic heart disease (IHD), the
leading cause of death worldwide. Using data from published observational studies and …