Early researchers found that lesions of the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) resulted in
hyperphagia and obesity in a variety of species including humans, which led them to …

The pituitary gland is a central endocrine organ regulating basic physiological functions,
including growth, the stress response, reproduction, metabolic homeostasis, and lactation …

Leptin acts in the brain to prevent obesity. The underlying neurocircuitry responsible for this
is poorly understood, in part because of incomplete knowledge regarding first-order, leptin …

Evidence supporting a role for estrogen in male reproductive tract development and function
has been collected from rodents and humans. These studies fall into three categories: i) …

Excitation of neurons in the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH), especially those residing in
the dorsomedial part of the nucleus (VMHdm), evokes sympathetic nervous system (SNS) …

The ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) regulates glucose and energy metabolism in
mammals. Optogenetic stimulation of VMH neurons that express steroidogenic factor 1 (SF1) …

Determining the molecular characteristics of the damage caused by NP exposure in the
testis is very important for understanding the source of the damage and developing …

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) decreases food intake and body weight, but few
central sites of action have been identified for its effect on energy expenditure. The …

The adipose-derived hormone, leptin, was discovered over 10 years ago, but only now are
we unmasking its downstream pathways which lead to reduced energy intake (feeding) and …

OBJECTIVE The medial hypothalamus mediates leptin-induced glucose uptake in
peripheral tissues, and brain melanocortin receptors (MCRs) mediate certain central effects …