Executive summary Despite substantial progress in reducing the global impact of many non-
communicable diseases, including heart disease and cancer, morbidity and mortality due to …

Background COPD and adult-onset asthma (AOA) are the most common noncommunicable
respiratory diseases. To improve early identification and prevention, an overview of risk …

COPD, characterized by long-term poorly irreversible airway limitation and persistent
respiratory symptoms, has resulted in enormous challenges to human health worldwide …

Importance Few studies have investigated the association of long-term ambient ozone
exposures with respiratory morbidity among individuals with a heavy smoking history …

Occupational exposures contribute substantially to morbidity and mortality worldwide 1, 2
and are of pivotal importance for sick leave, disability and preterm exit from the labour …

Purpose This study aimed to measure the serum levels of interleukin (IL)-17, IL-10, and IL-
35 in patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and disclose the …

Interleukin 18 (IL18) was originally identified as an inflammation-induced cytokine that is
secreted by immune cells. An increasing number of studies have focused on its non …

Background While direct effects of occupational exposures on an individual's respiratory
health are evident, a new paradigm is emerging on the possible effects of pre-conception …

Background Chronic health effects from accumulated occupational exposures manifest as
the workforce ages. The Health and Retirement Study (HRS), a panel survey of US adults …

Background Pneumoconiosis may play an important role in the development of chronic
obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and the complication of COPD may impose a heavy …