Drug consumption is driven by a drug's pharmacological effects, which are experienced as
rewarding, and is influenced by genetic, developmental, and psychosocial factors that …

Dopamine is derived from an amino acid, phenylalanine, which must be obtained through
the diet. Dopamine, known primarily to be a neurotransmitter involved in almost any higher …

Dopamine is an important neurotransmitter that plays a key role in neuropsychiatric illness.
Sex differences in dopaminergic signaling have been acknowledged for decades and have …

The dopamine D1 receptor (D1R) is a Gαs/olf-coupled GPCR that is expressed in the
midbrain and forebrain, regulating motor behavior, reward, motivational states, and cognitive …

Depression and anxiety are more common among females than males and represent a
leading cause of disease-related disability in women. Since the dopamine D1-D2 heteromer …

Dopamine and its receptors are currently recognized targets for the treatment of several
neuropsychiatric disorders, including Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia, some drug use …

The genesis of designing bivalent or bitopic molecules that engender unique
pharmacological properties began with Portoghese's work directed toward opioid receptors …

The A2A adenosine (A2AR) and D2 dopamine (D2R) receptors form oligomers in the cell
membrane and allosteric interactions across the A2AR–D2R heteromer represent a target …

Background Dopamine receptors interact with other receptors to form heterooligomers. One
such complex, the D1-D2 heteromer, demonstrated in cultured striatal neurons and rat …

Background Methamphetamine (METH) is a highly addictive psychostimulant that strongly
activates dopamine receptor signaling in the nucleus accumbens (NAc). However, how …