Cardiac arrhythmias are among the leading causes of mortality. They often arise from
alterations in the electrophysiological properties of cardiac cells and their underlying ionic …

Calcium (Ca) is a universal intracellular second messenger. In muscle, Ca is best known for
its role in contractile activation. However, in recent years the critical role of Ca in other …

Human-based modelling and simulations are becoming ubiquitous in biomedical science
due to their ability to augment experimental and clinical investigations. Cardiac …

The global burden caused by cardiovascular disease is substantial, with heart disease
representing the most common cause of death around the world. There remains a need to …

For both the atria and ventricles, fibrosis is generally recognized as one of the key
determinants of conduction disturbances. By definition, fibrosis refers to an increased …

Triggered activity in cardiac muscle and intracellular Ca2+ have been linked in the past.
However, today not only are there a number of cellular proteins that show clear Ca2+ …

In human cardiomyopathy, anatomical abnormalities such as hypertrophy and fibrosis
contribute to the risk of ventricular arrhythmias and sudden death. Here we have shown that …

The goal of systems biology is to relate events at the molecular level to more integrated
scales from organelle to cell, tissue, and living organism. Here, we review how normal and …

Cardiac alternans arises from dynamical instabilities in the electrical and calcium cycling
systems of the heart, and often precedes ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death …

Background—The substrates for human atrial fibrillation (AF) are poorly understood, but
involve abnormal repolarization (action potential duration [APD]). We hypothesized that beat …