Innate immunity constitutes the first line of the host defense after pathogen invasion. Viruses
trigger the expression of interferons (IFNs). These master antiviral cytokines induce in turn a …

Protein–carbohydrate interactions mediated by lectins have been recognized as key
components of innate immunity in vertebrates and invertebrates, not only for recognition of …

Lectins are a unique group of nonimmune carbohydrate-binding proteins or glycoproteins
that exhibit specific and reversible carbohydrate-binding activity in a non-catalytic manner …

Enhancing host resistance to infectious disease has received increasing attention in recent
years as a major goal of farm animal breeding programs. Combining field data with genomic …

In fish as in mammals, virus infections induce changes in the expression of many host
genes. Studies conducted during the last fifteen years revealed a major contribution of the …

The immune system can be defined as a complex system that protects the organism against
organisms or substances that might cause infection or disease. One of the most fascinating …

The tumour necrosis factor (TNF) super-family is a group of important cytokines involved in
inflammation, apoptosis, cell proliferation, and the general stimulation of the immune system …

The immune system of vertebrates involves both innate and acquired immune responses.
The innate immunity is more generalized with robust response whereas the other has a …

Viral diseases are responsible for high rates of mortality and subsequent economic losses in
modern aquaculture. The nervous necrosis virus (NNV) produces viral encephalopathy and …

The implementation of antiviral treatments and prophylaxis strategies in fish aquaculture
needs to be established. The absence of commercial vaccines for most viral diseases …