Phosphorylation is an essential process in biological events and is considered critical for
biological functions. In tissues, protein phosphorylation mainly occurs on tyrosine (Tyr) …

SUMOylation is a reversible post-translational modification which has emerged as a crucial
molecular regulatory mechanism, involved in the regulation of DNA damage repair, immune …

A decade has passed since SUMO (small ubiquitin-related modifier) was discovered to be a
reversible post-translational protein modifier. During this time many enzymes that participate …

The post-translational modification SUMOylation is a major regulator of protein function that
plays an important role in a wide range of cellular processes. SUMOylation involves the …

Mutations in BRCA1 are associated with a high risk of breast and ovarian cancer. BRCA1
participates in the DNA damage response and acts as a ubiquitin ligase. However, its …

The modification of proteins by the small ubiquitin‐like modifier (SUMO) is known to regulate
an increasing array of cellular processes. SUMOylation of the mitochondrial fission GTPase …

Protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) is a major negative regulator of insulin and leptin
sensitivity. PTP1B overexpression in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle of humans and …

Our understanding of the fundamental regulatory roles that tyrosine phosphatases play
within cells has advanced significantly in the last two decades. Out-dated ideas that tyrosine …

PTP1B, a non-transmembrane protein tyrosine phosphatase that has long been studied as a
negative regulator of insulin and leptin signaling, has received renewed attention as an …

Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) is a typical member of the PTP family, considered
a direct negative regulator of several receptor and receptor-associated tyrosine kinases …