Stochastic thermodynamics as reviewed here systematically provides a framework for
extending the notions of classical thermodynamics such as work, heat and entropy …

Evolution has tuned membrane proteins to exist in a lipid bilayer, provide for cell-cell
communication, transport solutes, and convert energies. These proteins exhibit a …

Protein folding occurs as a set of transitions between structural states within an energy
landscape. An oversimplified view of the folding process emerges when transiently …

Anionic, monolayer-protected gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been shown to
nondisruptively penetrate cellular membranes. Here, we show that a critical first step in the …

Single-molecule force spectroscopy is a unique method that can probe the structural
changes of single proteins at a high spatiotemporal resolution while mechanically …

Abstract How glycoprotein (GP) Ib-IX complex on the platelet surface senses the blood flow
through its binding to the plasma protein von Willebrand factor (VWF) and transmits a signal …

Atomic force spectroscopy (AFS) is one of the most promising and powerful tools to get
information on biorecognition processes at single molecule resolution. AFS allows to …

Abstract Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) has proven itself over recent years as an essential
tool for the analysis of microbial systems. This article will review how AFM has been used to …

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is an ideal method to study the surface topography of
biological membranes. It allows membranes that are adsorbed to flat solid supports to be …

Biological atomic force microscopy (AFM) is a fast growing and advancing field. This
review's objective is to overview the state of the art and to retrace achievements of biological …