The c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs), as members of the mitogen-activated protein kinase
(MAPK) family, mediate eukaryotic cell responses to a wide range of abiotic and biotic stress …

Obesity is now widespread around the world. Obesity‐associated chronic low‐grade
inflammation is responsible for the decrease of insulin sensitivity, which makes obesity a …

Adipose tissue releases bioactive mediators called adipokines. This review focuses on the
effects of omentin, vaspin, cardiotrophin-1, Tumor necrosis factor-like Weak Inducer of …

Adipose tissue has the largest capacity to store energy in the body and provides energy
through the release of free fatty acids during times of energy need. Different types of immune …

Mammalian skeletal muscle maintains a robust regenerative capacity throughout life, largely
due to the presence of a stem cell population known as “satellite cells” in the muscle milieu …

Accumulating evidence has reached the consensus that the balance of phosphorylation
state of signaling molecules is a pivotal point in the regulation of cell signaling. Therefore …

Obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are associated with chronic low-grade inflammation.
Mounting evidence suggests the involvement of an inflammatory switch in adipose tissue …

Aims Macrophages, as an important member of immune system, engulf and digest
pathogens in innate immunity and help initiate adaptive immunity. However, macrophages …

We aimed at analyzing serum TWEAK levels and monocyte/HDL ratio in polycystic ovary
syndrome (PCOS) and their predictivity for metabolic syndrome (MS) in PCOS. We included …

Metabolically healthy obesity is characterized as a comorbidity-free obesity status, however
the exact pathogenetic mechanisms implicated in its transition to unhealthy obesity have not …