Paleoanthropologists have long speculated about the role of environmental change in
shaping human evolution in Africa. In recent years, drill cores of late Neogene lacustrine …

Humans rank with the powerful forces of nature transforming Earth. Since the mid-20th
century, population growth, industrialization, and globalization have had such deep and …

Far'ah II is an open-air site in the north western Negev desert (Israel). Previous excavations
in the 1970's revealed a rich, in situ Middle Paleolithic (MP) assemblage composed of flint …

The earliest evidence of agriculture in the Horn of Africa dates to the Pre-Aksumite period
(ca. 1600 BCE). Domesticated C3 cereals are considered to have been introduced from the …

Modern Homo sapiens engage in substantial ecosystem modification, but it is difficult to
detect the origins or early consequences of these behaviors. Archaeological …

The assembly of Africa's iconic C4 grassland ecosystems is central to evolutionary
interpretations of many mammal lineages, including hominins. C4 grasses are thought to …

Supervolcano eruptions have occurred throughout Earth's history and have major
environmental impacts. These impacts are mostly associated with the attenuation of visible …

The Toba eruption∼ 74,000 y ago was the largest volcanic eruption since the start of the
Pleistocene and represents an important test case for understanding the effects of large …

The∼ 74 ka Toba eruption was one of the largest volcanic events of the Quaternary. There
is much interest in determining the impact of such a large event, particularly on the climate …

When Mount Tambora in the Lesser Sunda Islands, Indonesia, erupted in 1815, more than
100 km3 of volcanic pyroclasts and ash were discharged into the stratosphere up to altitudes …