The structurally and functionally related interleukin‐4 (IL‐4) and IL‐13 cytokines play pivotal
roles in shaping immune activity. The IL‐4/IL‐13 axis is best known for its critical role in T …

In the mid-1980s, Mosmann, Coffman, and their colleagues discovered that murine CD4+
helper T-cell clones could be distinguished by the cytokines they synthesized. The isolation …

Type 1 immunity relies on the differentiation of two major subsets of T lymphocytes, the
CD4+ T helper (Th) cell and the CD8+ cytotoxic T cell, that direct inflammatory and cytotoxic …

Genetic resistance to clinical mousepox (ectromelia virus) varies among inbred laboratory
mice and is characterized by an effective natural killer (NK) response and the early onset of …

Publisher Summary Although interleukin-12 (IL-12) has been discovered only relatively
recently, a remarkable level of knowledge has been obtained for this cytokine, and many …

Despite increasing evidence for the existence of antigen-specific regulatory T cells, the
mechanisms underlying suppression remain unclear. In this study we have identified and …

As a part of an ongoing longitudinal investigation, this study examined relationships
between survival and selected immune system parameters in a sample (n= 102) of very old …

Alloantigen-stimulated CD8+ mouse spleen cells, either spontaneously or in the presence of
IL-12 or IFNy plus anti-IL-4, differentiate into CD8+ T cells secreting a Thl-like cytokine …

Recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) is defined as three or more consecutive pregnancy
losses prior to the 20th week of gestation. The etiology of recurrent spontaneous abortion is …

Interleukin-4 (IL-4) and the closely related cytokine, interleukin-13 (IL-13) share many
biological and immunoregulatory functions on B lymphocytes, monocytes, dendritic cells and …