It has long been appreciated that the experience of pain is highly variable between
individuals. Pain results from activation of sensory receptors specialized to detect actual or …

The dorsal horn of the spinal cord is the location of the first synapse in pain pathways, and
as such, offers a very powerful target for regulation of nociceptive transmission by both local …

In this review, we integrate recent human and animal studies from the viewpoint of chronic
pain. First, we briefly review the impact of chronic pain on society and address current pitfalls …

Migraine—an episodic headache—affects more than 10% of the general population.
Despite recent progress, drug therapy for preventing and treating migraine remains …

The identification of opioid systems led to much of the early work on pain pharmacology
being based on understanding inhibitory mechanisms of analgesia. However, hyperalgesia …

The aim of this study was to investigate how exercise influenced endogenous pain
modulation in healthy controls, shoulder myalgia patients and fibromyalgia (FM) patients …

Our knowledge of the existence of endogenous descending pain modulatory systems spans
at least three decades and we now know that brain stem descending pathways constitute a …

The increase in pain sensitivity that follows injury is regulated by superficially located
projection neurons in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord that express the neurokinin-1 (NK1) …

Patients with generalized social phobia fear embarrassment in most social situations. Little
is known about its functional neuroanatomy. We studied BOLD-fMRI brain activity while …

The human brainstem plays a central role in connecting the cerebrum, the cerebellum and
the spinal cord to one another, hosting relay nuclei for afferent and efferent signaling, and …