The past decades have seen a revolution in our understanding of brain diseases and in
particular of drug addiction. This has been largely due to the identification of …

Psychostimulant drugs like amphetamine are readily self-administered by humans and
laboratory animals by virtue of their actions on dopamine (DA) neurons in the midbrain …

A major hurdle in defining the molecular biology of nicotine addiction has been
characterizing the different nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subtypes in the brain …

Adaptation of the nervous system to different chemical and physiologic conditions is
important for the homeostasis of brain processes and for learning and remembering …

Tobacco dependence among individuals with a mental illness or an addiction is a
tremendous problem that goes largely ignored. Studies of genetics, neuroimaging, and …

α7 neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) constitute one of the predominant
nAChR subtypes in the mammalian brain. Within the ventral tegmental area (VTA), nicotine …

The addiction‐relevant molecular, cellular, and behavioral actions of nicotine are derived
from its stimulatory effects on neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) in the …

Central nervous system cholinergic neurons arise from several discrete sources, project to
multiple brain regions, and exert specific effects on reward, learning, and memory. These …

Recent reports suggest that nicotine withdrawal symptoms are common among adolescents
after a few weeks of intermittent tobacco use. No current model of nicotine dependence had …

BACKGROUND: A nonsynonymous coding polymorphism, rs16969968, of the CHRNA5
gene that encodes the alpha-5 subunit of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) has …