The neurobiology of stress and the neurobiology of social behavior are deeply intertwined.
The social environment interacts with stress on almost every front: social interactions can be …

In addition to genetic information, environmental factors play an important role in the
structure and function of nervous system and the occurrence and development of some …

Spatial working memory can be assessed in mice through the spontaneous alternation T-
maze test. The T-maze is a T-shaped apparatus featuring a stem (start arm) and two lateral …

The manner in which laboratory rodents are housed is driven by economics (minimal use of
space and resources), ergonomics (ease of handling and visibility of animals), hygiene, and …

Social behavior in mammals is often studied in pairs under artificial conditions, yet groups
may rely on more complicated social structures. Here, we use a novel system for tracking …

Brain plasticity is the ability of the nervous system to change structurally and functionally in
response to experience. By shaping brain structure and function, experience leads to the …

Housing systems for captive animals have often been designed on the basis of economic
and ergonomic considerations, such as equipment, costs, space, workload, ability to …

Environmental enrichment causes a variety of effects on brain structure and function. Brain-
derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plays an important role in enrichment-induced neuronal …

Touch can positively influence cognition and emotion, but the underlying mechanisms
remain unclear. Here, we report that tactile experience enrichment improves memory and …

Diagnosis of psychiatric disorders in humans is based on comparing individuals to the
normal population. However, many animal models analyze averaged group effects, thus …