Chromium (Cr) is a trace element critical to human health and well-being. In the last few
decades, its contamination, especially hexavalent chromium [Cr (VI)] form in both terrestrial …

Several anthropogenic activities including mining, modern agricultural practices, and
industrialization have long-term detrimental effect on our environment. All these factors lead …

Heavy metal contamination of soil and water causing toxicity/stress has become one
important constraint to crop productivity and quality. This situation has further worsened by …

Research over the last three decades showed that chromium, particularly the oxyanion
chromate Cr (VI) behaves as a toxic environmental pollutant that strongly damages plants …

Chromium (Cr) toxicity leads to the enhanced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS),
which are extremely toxic to the plant and must be minimized to protect the plant from …

Increasingly, anthropogenic perturbations of the biosphere manifest in a broad array of
global phenomena, causing widespread contamination of most ecosystems, with high …

As chromium (Cr) in ecosystems affects human health through food chain exposure,
phytoremediation is an environmentally friendly and efficient way to reduce chromium …

Chromium (Cr) toxicity is hazardous to the seed germination, growth, and development of
plants. γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a non-protein amino acid and is involved in stress …

Chromium (Cr) is a crucial element for all life forms. Various anthropogenic activities have
been responsible for environmental contamination with Cr (VI) in recent years. For this …

Chromium (Cr) contamination in soil is a growing concern in relation to sustainable
agricultural production and food safety. Nitric oxide (NO) and, more recently, hydrogen …