This paper reviews the knowledge on effects of climate change on agricultural productivity in
Europe and the consequences for policy and research. Warming is expected to lead to a …

With the occurrence of more frequent and intense climate change events, transportation
systems, including their infrastructure and operations become increasingly vulnerable …

Efforts to anticipate how climate change will affect future food availability can benefit from
understanding the impacts of changes to date. We found that in the cropping regions and …

Ecological and societal disruptions by modern climate change are critically determined by
the time frame over which climates shift beyond historical analogues. Here we present a …

Climate change impacts and responses are presently observed in physical and ecological
systems. Adaptation to these impacts is increasingly being observed in both physical and …

Investments aimed at improving agricultural adaptation to climate change inevitably favor
some crops and regions over others. An analysis of climate risks for crops in 12 food …

The strong trends in climate change already evident, the likelihood of further changes
occurring, and the increasing scale of potential climate impacts give urgency to addressing …

A daptation refers to adjustments in ecological, social, or economic systems in response to
actual or expected climatic stimuli and their effects or impacts. It refers to changes in …

Adaptation to climate variability and change is important both for impact assessment (to
estimate adaptations which are likely to occur) and for policy development (to advise on or …

Large, abrupt, and widespread climate changes with major impacts have occurred
repeatedly in the past, when the Earth system was forced across thresholds. Although abrupt …