Abstract RAS mutations (HRAS, NRAS, and KRAS) are among the most common
oncogenes, and around 19% of patients with cancer harbor RAS mutations. Cells harboring …

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a genetically complex disease that evolves from pre-malignant
stages, such as monoclonal gammaopathy of undetermined significance and smouldering …

Identifying molecular cancer drivers is critical for precision oncology. Multiple advanced
algorithms to identify drivers now exist, but systematic attempts to combine and optimize …

Abstract The RAS–RAF–MEK–ERK signalling pathway is hyperactivated in a high
percentage of tumours, most frequently owing to activating mutations of the KRAS, NRAS …

The role of the ERK signalling pathway in cancer is thought to be most prominent in tumours
in which mutations in the receptor tyrosine kinases RAS, BRAF, CRAF, MEK1 or MEK2 drive …

Approximately 50% of melanomas harbor an activating BRAF mutation. Combined BRAF
and MEK inhibitors such as dabrafenib and trametinib, vemurafenib and cobimetinib, and …

Background. Activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway is important for
growth of pediatric low-grade gliomas (LGGs). The aim of this study was to determine the …

Introduction: The MAPK pathway comprises several key signaling components and
phosphorylation events that play a role in tumorigenesis. These activated kinases transmit …

Resistance to RAF-and MEK-targeted therapy is a major clinical challenge,,,. RAF and MEK
inhibitors are initially but only transiently effective in some but not all patients with BRAF …

Background No targeted therapies are available for KRAS-mutant non-small-cell lung
cancer (NSCLC). Selumetinib is an inhibitor of MEK1/MEK2, downstream of KRAS, with …