Active ionospheric experiments using high-power, high-frequency transmitters,“heaters”, to
study plasma processes in the ionosphere and magnetosphere continue to provide new …

Thresholds and linear growth rates for stimulated Brillouin and Raman scattering and for the
parametric decay instability are derived by using arguments of energy transfer. For this …

Nonlinear effects in the ionosphere (cr0ss-modulation or the Luxembourg-Gor'kii effect)
became known and were investigated in a fair amount of detail as far back as the 1930, s …

Features of artificial small-scale ionospheric irregularities (ASI) induced at F-region heights
by powerful HF waves are discussed. The investigations presented here were performed …

The heating facility at Ramfjordmoen near Tromsø, Norway, is briefly described, and a
survey is given of the experiments performed with this facility until now. These experiments …

The generation of small‐scale field‐aligned irregularities in ionospheric heating
experiments is explained in terms of a purely growing parametric instability with thermal …

The earth's ionosphere possesses plasma properties at altitudes above 80 km where the
collisions of charged particles with the neutral gas gradually lose their dominating influence …

Intense plasma waves are generated by an HF pump wave in an ionospheric heating
experiment at the Arecibo Observatory. These plasma waves can be observed as …

In addition to the communication applications that stem from the generation of field‐aligned
irregularities, ionospheric heating by powerful HF waves also holds promise for establishing …

A mechanism for generating the small‐scale field‐aligned irregularities observed in
ionospheric heating experiments is proposed. The Langmuir waves that result from the …