The endoderm germ layer contributes to the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts and to all
of their associated organs. Over the past decade, studies in vertebrate model organisms …

The endoderm gives rise to the lining of the esophagus, stomach and intestines, as well as
associated organs. To generate a functional intestine, a series of highly orchestrated …

Human organoid model systems lack important cell types that, in the embryo, are
incorporated into organ tissues during development. We developed an organoid assembly …

Gastric and small intestinal organoids differentiated from human pluripotent stem cells
(hPSCs) have revolutionized the study of gastrointestinal development and disease. Distal …

The gastrointestinal tract is enveloped by concentric and orthogonally aligned layers of
smooth muscle; however, an understanding of the mechanisms by which these muscles …

Homeostasis of the vertebrate digestive tract requires interactions between an endodermal
epithelium and mesenchymal cells derived from the splanchnic mesoderm. Signaling …

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), including ulcerative colitis, and Crohn's disease, are
intestinal disorders characterized by chronic relapsing inflammation. A large proportion of …

The gastrointestinal (GI) tract forms from the endoderm (which gives rise to the epithelium)
and the mesoderm (which develops into the smooth muscle layer, the mesenchyme, and …

Background Among deuterostomes, the regenerative potential is maximally expressed in
echinoderms, animals that can quickly replace most injured organs. In particular, sea …

The gastrointestinal tract develops from a simple and uniform tube into a complex organ with
specific differentiation patterns along the anterior–posterior and dorso-ventral axes of …