Recent preclinical and clinical studies have demonstrated that cotreatments with extremely
low doses of opioid receptor antagonists can markedly enhance the efficacy and specificity …

Injury to peripheral nerves often leads to abnormal pain states (hyperalgesia, allodynia and
spontaneous pain), which can remain long after the injury heals. Although opioid agonists …

Background A naloxone infusion is effective in reducing epidural and intrathecal opioid-
related side effects. The use of naloxone infusion concomitant with intravenous morphine …

Ultra-low picomolar concentrations of the opioid antagonists naloxone (NLX) and naltrexone
(NTX) have remarkably potent antagonist actions on excitatory opioid receptor functions in …

Ultralow doses of naloxone (0.001–0.1 μg/kg) produce analgesia in animal models.
However, no clinical study has evaluated the combination of ultralow dose naloxone and …

Opioid agonists such as morphine have been found to exert excitatory and inhibitory
receptor-mediated effects at low and high doses, respectively. Ultra-low doses of opioid …

The combination of microdialysis and a highly sensitive radioimmunoassay was developed
in order to monitor the in vivo extracellular levels of endogenous opioid peptides from …

The continuous infusion of low doses of naloxone has been reported to decrease
postoperative opioid requirements and opioid side effects. However, there is no study that …

We have examined responses of mice lacking mu, delta and kappa opioid receptor (MOR,
DOR and KOR, respectively) genes, as well as combinatorial mutants, in several pain …

The past 10 years have brought several new experimental models with which to study
chronic neuropathic pain in animals. Consequently, our knowledge about the mechanisms …