Bacterial pathogens as causative agents of infection constitute an alarming concern in the
public health sector. In particular, bacteria with resistance to multiple antimicrobial agents …

Tripartite efflux pumps and the related type 1 secretion systems (T1SSs) in Gram-negative
organisms are diverse in function, energization, and structural organization. They form …

Despite the recent decrease in overall prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection, morbidity
and mortality rates associated with gastric cancer remain high. The antimicrobial resistance …

In this review, we summarize the current “state of the art” of carbapenem antibiotics and their
role in our antimicrobial armamentarium. Among the β-lactams currently available …

Drug efflux pumps play a key role in drug resistance and also serve other functions in
bacteria. There has been a growing list of multidrug and drug-specific efflux pumps …

Drug efflux protein complexes confer multidrug resistance on bacteria by transporting a wide
spectrum of structurally diverse antibiotics. Moreover, organisms can only acquire resistance …

Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections are becoming increasingly difficult to treat due to
intrinsic antibiotic resistance and the propensity of this pathogen to accumulate diverse …

Multidrug resistant (MDR) bacteria are a global threat with many common infections
becoming increasingly difficult to eliminate. While significant effort has gone into the …

TolC is an archetypal member of the outer membrane efflux protein (OEP) family. These
proteins are involved in export of small molecules and toxins across the outer membrane of …

The use of efflux pump inhibitors (EPIs) as potentiators along with the traditional antibiotics
assists in the warfare against antibiotic-resistant superbugs. Efflux pumps of the resistance …