the claim of consistent hemispheric specialisations across classes of chordates is
undermined by the absence of population-based directional asymmetry of paw/hand use in …

Although the left and right hemispheres of our brains develop with a high degree of
symmetry at both the anatomical and functional levels, it has become clear that subtle …

Biological systems involving short-range activators and long-range inhibitors can generate
complex patterns. Reaction-diffusion models postulate that differences in signaling range …

The tremendous complexity of the adult forebrain makes it a challenging task to elucidate
how this structure forms during embryonic development. Nevertheless, we are beginning to …

Embryonic morphogenesis occurs along three orthogonal axes. While the patterning of the
anterior–posterior and dorsal–ventral axes has been increasingly well characterized, the left …

The dorsal diencephalon, or epithalamus, contains the bilaterally paired habenular nuclei
and the pineal complex. The habenulae form part of the dorsal diencephalic conduction …

Nodal signals belong to the TGF-β superfamily and are essential for the induction of
mesoderm and endoderm and the determination of the left–right axis. Nodal signals can act …

The neuronal ceroid-lipofuscinoses (NCLs), collectively also called Batten disease,
constitute one of the most common groups of inherited neurodegenerative disorders in …

The mammalian habenula consists of the medial and lateral habenulae. Recent behavioral
and electrophysiological studies suggested that the lateral habenula plays a pivotal role in …

Vertebrates exhibit striking left–right (L–R) asymmetries in the structure and position of the
internal organs. Symmetry is broken by motile cilia-generated asymmetric fluid flow …