The human brain requires a wide variety of experiences and environmental inputs in order
to develop normally. Children who are neglected by caregivers or raised in institutional …

Brain plasticity refers to the remarkable property of cerebral neurons to change their
structure and function in response to experience, a fundamental theoretical theme in the …

Behavioural, cellular and molecular studies have revealed significant effects of enriched
environments on rodents and other species, and provided new insights into mechanisms of …

Down syndrome is the most common form of intellectual disability and results from one of the
most complex genetic perturbations that is compatible with survival, trisomy 21. The study of …

Environmental enrichment (EE) increases levels of novelty and complexity, inducing
enhanced sensory, cognitive and motor stimulation. In wild‐type rodents, EE has been found …

Environmental enrichment (EE) is known to profoundly affect the central nervous system
(CNS) at the functional, anatomical and molecular level, both during the critical period and …

Down's syndrome is a genetic disorder that can lead to mental retardation of varying
degrees. How this chromosomal abnormality causes mental retardation remains an open …

In the 1960s, it was shown for the first time that enriched housing enhances functional
recovery after brain damage. During the 1970s and 1980s, many findings similar to this …

Down syndrome (DS) is caused by trisomy of human chromosome 21 (Hsa21). The
understanding of genotype–phenotype relationships, the identification of driver genes and …

Down syndrome (DS) is the most common genetic cause of mental disability. Based on the
homology of Hsa21 and the murine chromosomes Mmu16, Mmu17 and Mmu10, several …