Large conductance Ca 2+-and voltage-activated K+(BK) channels are widely distributed in
the postnatal central nervous system (CNS). BK channels play a pleiotropic role in …

Animal studies have been instrumental in providing knowledge about the molecular and
neural mechanisms underlying drug addiction. Recently, the fruit fly Drosophila …

Tolerance represents a critical component of addiction. The large-conductance calcium-and
voltage-activated potassium channel (BK) is a well-established alcohol target, and an …

Alcohol use and abuse appear to be related to neuroadaptive changes at functional,
neurochemical, and structural levels. Acute and chronic ethanol exposure have been shown …

Plants and fungi often produce toxic secondary metabolites that limit their consumption [1–
4], but herbivores and fungivores that evolve resistance gain access to these resources and …

Genetic and environmental factors play a role in the development of alcoholism. Whole-
genome expression profiling has highlighted the importance of several genes that may …

Background: Increased ethanol intake, a major predictor for the development of alcohol use
disorders, is facilitated by the development of tolerance to both the aversive and pleasurable …

Alcoholism is a complex psychiatric disorder that has a multifactorial etiology. Epigenetic
mechanisms are uniquely capable of accounting for the multifactorial nature of the disease …

Animal models have been widely used to gain insight into the mechanisms underlying the
acute and long-term effects of alcohol exposure. The fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster …

Abstract Background In the Lepidoptera it was historically believed that adult butterflies rely
primarily on larval-derived nutrients for reproduction and somatic maintenance. However …