Breakdown of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) or inner blood–retinal barrier (BRB), induced by
pathologically elevated levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) or other …

Purpose: To evaluate the changes in foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area and the retinal
capillary density after a single intravitreal anti-VEGF injection for macular edema secondary …

Diabetic macular oedema is the major cause of visual impairment in type 1 and type 2
diabetes. As type 2 diabetes becomes more prevalent worldwide, the prevalence of diabetic …

Initial triggers for diabetic retinopathy (DR) are hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress and
advanced glycation end-products. The most pathological structural changes occur in retinal …

Purpose To evaluate whether treatment with dexamethasone intravitreal implant (DEX
implant) 0.7 mg every 5 months provides a similar average change in best-corrected visual …

Importance Despite the effectiveness of existing anti–vascular endothelial growth factor
(VEGF) therapies, a need remains for further treatment options to improve response rates …

Purpose: Oxidative stress is a causal factor in the development of diabetic retinopathy;
however, clinically relevant strategies to treat the disease by augmenting antioxidant …

Purpose. To evaluate effects of longterm metformin on the severity of diabetic retinopathy
(DR) in highrisk type 2 diabetic (T2D) patients. Methods. A retrospective chart review study …

Purpose: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a leading cause of vision impairment and blindness
worldwide in the working-age population, and the incidence is rising. Until now it has been …

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the leading cause of blindness in the working-age population in
the US The vision-threatening processes of neuroglial and vascular dysfunction in DR occur …